Impact of Mobile Dental Clinics on the Quality of Life of Children

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of mobile dental clinics on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL) of children. Material and Methods: A longitudinal epidemiological study was conducted with participants from seven mobile dental clinics carried out between May 2019 and January 2020 by the NGO Missão Sorrisos. Parents and children who attended the program had their sociodemographic data collected. Both completed the Scale of Oral Health 5 (SOHO-5) self-reported questionnaire before treatment and again 30 days after treatment. Results: The improvement in the children's oral health after treatment at the mobile clinics is reflected in the pre-and post-treatment medians measured by the SOHO-5 total score from the children's own reports from the parents' reports. The procedures performed were effective in reducing pain and difficulties in eating, drinking, and sleeping. An improvement in the perception of the children's appearance and self-confidence was reported, both from the perspective of the parents/guardians and the children themselves. The chance of improvement in the perception of the children's oral health was greater for parents (OR=5.96; CI95%: 1.32-26.84) and children (OR=5.76; CI95%: 1.28-25.95) from families whose main caregiver was not professionally active at the time of the study. Conclusion: The mobile dental clinics had a positive impact on the OHRQL of children from the perspective of the participants of the study.

Associação entre idade na primeira consulta odontológica e tipo de tratamento dentário realizado em pacientes infantis: estudo transversal / Association between age of the first dental visit and type of dental treatment performed in infant patients: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre idade na primeira consulta odontológica e o tipo de tratamento dentário realizado em pacientes infantis por meio de um estudo transversal que avaliou registros em prontuários odontológicos. Métodos: A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de prontuários de pacientes de 0-5 anos atendidos em uma Clínica Escola de Odontologia, de março de 2014 a julho de 2018, com registro de informações referentes às características dos participantes e procedimentos odontológicos realizados. Para a análise dos dados, foram calculadas medidas descritivas e posteriormente os dados foram ajustados em um modelo de regressão logística; o desfecho foi o tipo de procedimento realizado, dicotomizado em tratamentos não-invasivos (fluorterapia e/ou restauração) e invasivos (endodontia e/ou exodontia). Resultados: Foram avaliados prontuários de 210 crianças, com média de idade na primeira consulta de 38 meses (DP=14,5). Fluorterpia e/ou restauração foram realizados em 74,8% das crianças, enquanto tratamentos invasivos foram realizados em 25,2% da amostra. A análise ajustada indicou um incremento (OR = 1,03, p = 0,027) na chance de realização de tratamentos invasivos com o aumento da idade das crianças na primeira consulta odontológica. Conclusão: Quanto maior a idade das crianças na primeira consulta, maior a chance de terem recebido um tratamento invasivo. Ressalta-se a importância da consulta odontológica nos primeiros meses de vida, com a finalidade de prevenção e manutenção da saúde bucal.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the association between the age of the first dental visit and the type of dental treatment performed in infant patients through a cross-sectional study that examined dental records from the years 2014 to 2018. Methods: Data collection was conducted using medical records of patients aged 0 to 5 years treated at a Dental School Clinic, including information about participants' characteristics and the types of dental procedures performed. For data analysis, descriptive measures were calculated, and the data were subsequently fitted into a logistic regression model. The outcome was categorized into non-invasive treatments (fluoridation therapy and/or restoration) and invasive treatments (endodontics and/or extraction). Results: Medical records of 210 children were evaluated, with a mean age of the first dental visit being 38 months (SD = 14.5). Non-invasive treatments, including fluoride therapy and/or dental restoration, were performed in 74.8% of children, while invasive treatments were performed in 25.2% of the sample. Adjusted analysis indicated an increase (OR = 1.03, p = 0.027) in the odds of undergoing invasive treatments as the children's age at the first dental visit increased. Conclusion: Older age at the first appointment was associated with increased odds of receiving invasive treatment. The significance of early dental consultations within the first months of life is underscored, aiming to prevent and maintain oral health.(AU)

Relação entre Senso de Coerência e experiência de cárie dentária em crianças de 5 a 10 anos / Relationship between Sense of Coherence and dental caries experience in children aged 5-10 years

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a relação entre o Senso de Coerência (SOC) dos responsáveis e a experiência de cárie dentária dos escolares de 5 a 10 anos da Escola de Educação Básica da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (EEBAS/UFPB). Participaram do estudo 120 crianças e responsáveis. Os exames clínicos foram realizados na própria escola, após assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) pelos responsáveis. Os responsáveis responderam o SOC-13. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Foi encontrado que os valores de ceo-d e CPO-d variaram 0 a 8, com 76,2% de valor para o componente cariado. Não houve associação estatisticamente significante entre o SOC dos responsáveis e a experiência de cárie dos alunos. Também não foi encontrada relação entre o SOC e ceo-d, idade, sexo e série escolar. No entanto, o SOC parece ter uma influência significativa no comportamento e impactar em aspectos socioeconômicos... (AU)

This study aimed to comprehend the relationship between parental Sense of Coherence (SOC) and dental caries experience in children aged 5-10 years at the Basic School of Federal University of Paraiba. The sample was composed of 120 children and their parents. Clinical examinations were performed at the school, after signing the Term of Free and Informed Consent (TFIC) by the parents. The parental SOC was measured using the 13-item version (SOC-13). The data obtained were submitted to descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The values of dmft and DMFT ranged from 0 to 8, with a predominance of the decayed component (76.2%). There was no statistically significant association between parental SOC and dental caries experience in the students. In addition, parental SOC was not significantly associated with dmft, age, gender, or school grade. Nonetheless, the SOC seems to have a significant influence on behavior and impact on socio-economic aspects... (AU)

Early Childhood Caries Experience of Children from Poor Families Living Below and Above Poverty Line

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the role of poverty and its related factors on early childhood caries (ECC) experience among deprived children. Material and Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study surveyed 418 children aged one to six years enrolled in Brazilian public preschools from an area of the country known for its high social deprivation. Intraoral examination of children evaluated dental caries experience (dmft). Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire with sociodemographic indicators. Family income was dichotomized into below or above poverty line. Data analysis used Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis (p<0.05). Results: Predisposing variables for an increased chance of ECC were: age group 3-4 years (OR: 4.89; 95% CI: 2.32-10.31), age group 5-6-years (OR: 5.60; 95% CI: 2.60-12.04), being part of families living below poverty line (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.04-3.38) and having mothers with less than nine years of schooling (OR: 2.86; 95% CI: 2.77-7.14). Children from families living below poverty line presented higher dmft (2.9 +3.8; p=0.001) and untreated dental caries (d component) (2.7 +3.7; p=0.002). Conclusion: ECC in a poor population was influenced by indicators of social deprivation. The poorest of poor children from mothers with less years of schooling were at higher risk.

Socio-environmental determinants of the delay in the first dental visit: results of two population-based cohort studies in Brazil

The objective of this study was to describe the timing of the first dental visit and investigate the association of socioeconomic and behavioral factors with dental visit delay among 10/11-year-old children from two live-birth population cohorts with extremely contrasting socioeconomic profiles. Follow-up data (2004-2005) from cohorts of Ribeirão Preto (RP) (n=790) and São Luís (SL) (n=673) were evaluated. Delay in dental visit was defined as not visiting a dentist before the age of 7. Covariates included family socioeconomic characteristics, mother-related health behavior, and child-related characteristics. Prevalence ratios with robust standard errors were estimated. In both cohorts, less than 5% of children had visited a dentist before the age of two and about 35% of them had not visited a dentist before the age of seven. Lower mother's schooling and lack of private health insurance were associated with the delay in first dental visit for both cohorts. A small number of mother's prenatal care visits and being from a single-father family or a family without parents were only associated in the RP cohort, while having ≥4 siblings and lifetime dental pain were associated in the SL cohort. The association with dental pain probably reveals a preventive care-seeking behavior. Therefore, the percentage of delayed first dental visit of children was very high even among those with the most educated mothers. Further studies are necessary to analyze recent changes and underlying factors related to access to first dental visit after the implementation of the National Oral Health Policy in 2006.

Odontogenic Infection and dental Pain negatively impact Schoolchildrens Quality of Life / Infecção odontogênica e odontalgia impactam negativamente a qualidade de vida de crianças escolares

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of odontogenic infection in lowincome Brazilian schoolchildren and evaluate its association with the subjective variables of oral healthrelated quality of life and dental pain. In this crosssectional study, 230 schoolchildren aged eight to ten years old underwent a clinical oral survey in which the DMFT/dmft and PUFA/pufa indexes were measured. Afterward, children responded individually to the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ810) and selfreports of dental pain were collected. Data were statistically analyzed using MannWhitney or KruskalWallis test with a posttest by Dunn's and Pearson correlation. Of the children evaluated, 42.6% had odontogenic infection and 80% reported experiencing dental pain. Children's age (p = 0.034) and past experience of dental pain (p < 0.002) were associated with odontogenic sepsis, in addition to impairment of their emotional wellbeing (p = 0.008), social welfare (p = 0.009) and overall impact on quality of life (p = 0.019). Toothache intensity (p < 0.001), frequency (p < 0.001) and duration (p < 0.001) were correlated to the overall impact on children's quality of life. The prevalence of odontogenic infection remains high among lowincome Brazilian schoolchildren. Pediatric infection and its related pain induce not only various biological disorders but also impair children's selfperception of quality of life.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de infecção odontogênica em crianças escolares brasileiras de baixa renda e analisar a sua associação com as variáveis subjetivas da autopercepção de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e dor dentária. Neste estudo transversal, 230 crianças escolares com 8 a 10 anos de idade realizaram exame clínico bucal no qual os índices CPOD/ ceod e PUFA/pufa foram mensurados. Com isso, as crianças responderam individualmente ao Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ810) e relatos de dor dentária foram coletados. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados utilizandose o teste MannWhitney ou KruskalWallis, com posterior teste da correlação de Dunn e Pearson. Dentre as crianças examinadas, 42,6% apresentavam infecção odontogênica e 80% reportou experiência de dor dentária. A idade (p=0,034) e experiência de dor dentária (p<0,002) das crianças foram associadas à infecção odontogênica, bem como o seu bemestar emocional (p=0,008) e social (p=0,009) e impacto geral na qualidade de vida (p=0,019). Além disso, a intensidade (p<0,001), frequência (p<0,001) e duração (p<0,001) da odontalgia foram correlacionadas com o impacto geral na qualidade de vida da criança. A prevalência de infecção odontogênica permanece elevada em crianças escolares brasileiras. Infecção pediátrica e sua dor relacionada induzem não apenas diversas desordens biológicas, mas também afetam negativamente a autopercepção de qualidade de vida das crianças.

Conhecimento de responsáveis sobre traumatismo dentário em crianças / Knowledge of parents regarding dental trauma in children

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento de pais/responsáveis sobre como proceder em caso de traumatismo dentário. Método: pesquisa com desenho observacional descritivo realizada por meio de questionários impressos entregues a 80 pais/responsáveis por crianças atendidas nas disciplinas de Clínica Infantil e Ortodontia I e II da Faculdade Avantis. A análise dos dados foi realizada de forma descritiva e com os testes Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Resultados: a prevalência de pais que nunca receberam orientações sobre como porceder perante um traumatismo dentário foi de 75%, associando-se às respostas das perguntas: se saberiam como acondicionar o dente (p=0,001) e se já presenciaram alguma situação de trauma dental (p=0,047). As variáveis socioeconômicas escolaridade e renda e a autopercepção sobre o que fazer em uma situação de traumatismo dentário não se associaram a ter recebido informação sobre como proceder perante um traumatismo dentário, segundo o autorrelato dos responsáveis. A maioria dos pais das crianças nunca receberam informações e não sabem como proceder em caso de um possível traumatismo dentário. Conclusão: ter recebido informação sobre como proceder diante de um traumatismo dentário está associado a já ter presenciado situação de traumatismo dentário e a saber como acondicionar o dente para levar no dentista. (AU)

Objective: to identify the knowledge of parents/ guardians on how to proceed in the event of dental trauma. Method: observational descriptive study performed using printed questionnaires applied to 80 parents/guardians of children assisted in the classes of Children's Clinic and Orthodontics I and II at Faculdade Avantis. The data were analyzed descriptively and with chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: the prevalence of parents who had never received instructions on how to deal with dental trauma was 75%, which was associated with the answers to the questions: "Would you know how to prepare the tooth?" (p = 0.001) and "Have you ever experienced any dental trauma situation?" (p = 0.047). Socioeconomic variables including education and income, and the self-perception on the procedures in case of dental trauma were not associated with having received information about how to proceed in a dental trauma situation according to the self-report of parents/guardians. Most parents had never received information and did not know how to deal with a potential dental trauma. Conclusion:having received information on how to deal with dental trauma is associated with having experienced a dental trauma situation and with how to prepare the tooth to take it to the dentist. (AU)

Prevalence and disparities in the first dental visit of preschool children aged 12-18 months in southern Brazil / Prevalência e disparidades na primeira visita odontológica de pré-escolares de 12 a 18 meses no sul do Brasil

Objective: this study aimed to assess the use of dentalservices in a southern Brazilian city by children aged12-18 months and to verify the relationship betweensocioeconomic and demographic variables, as well asmaternal use of dental services, and presence of dentalcaries in the children. It also aimed to describe theprevalence of use of dental services by variables of disparity.Subjects and method: this cross-sectional studywas performed on the National Children's VaccinationDay in 12 public health care centers in Pelotas, RS, Brazil.The data on demographic and socioeconomic status(children's sex, number of children, family income, andmaternal education), pattern of maternal use of dentalservices, and children's first dental visit were collectedusing a semi-structured interview answered by themothers. Clinical examination was performed to assessdental caries in the children. Chi-square and Fisher'sexact tests were performed to analyze the associationsand an equiplot graph investigated disparities in the prevalenceof the first dental visit of preschoolers. Results:most children had never been to the dentist (93.4%).The bivariate analysis showed that children who hadnever been to the dentist belonged to families with lowerincome, and their mothers presented low level ofeducation and did not use dental services. Conclusion:most children aged 12-18 months had never been to thedentist and there is a socioeconomic disparity in the useof dental services by preschool children. (AU)

Objetivos: avaliar o uso do serviço odontológico em uma cidade do sul do Brasil por crianças de 12 a 18 meses de idade; verificar a relação entre variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, uso de serviço odontológico materno e presença de cárie dentária nas crianças; e descrever a cobertura do uso do serviço odontológico por variáveis de disparidade. Sujeitos e método: este estudo transversal foi realizado no Dia Nacional de Vacinação Infantil em doze centros de saúde pública em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados sobre status demográfico e socioeconômico (sexo da criança, número de filhos, renda familiar e educação materna), padrão de uso de serviço odontológico materno e primeira consulta odontológica infantil foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada com as mães. Foi realizado exame clínico para avaliação de cárie dentária nas crianças. O teste Qui-Quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher foram realizados para analisar as associações, e um gráfico equiplot investigou disparidades na cobertura da primeira visita odontológica de pré- -escolares. Resultados: a maioria das crianças nunca foi ao dentista (93,4%). A análise bivariada mostrou que as crianças que nunca foram ao dentista eram de famílias com menor renda, cujas mães tinham níveis baixos de escolaridade e não usavam o serviço de atendimento odontológico. Conclusão: a maioria das crianças de 12 a 18 meses nunca foi ao dentista. Há uma disparidade socioeconômica no uso de serviços odontológicos por crianças pré-escolares. (AU)

Use of Dental Services Among Brazilian Children Aged Zero to Three Years: Analysis of National Household Surveys

Objective: To describe the use of dental services among children aged zero to three years in Brazil according to socio-demographic characteristics. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the 1998, 2003 and 2008 Brazilian National Household Surveys involving a total of 25,769, 25,644 and 22,237 children, respectively. Prevalence rates and 99% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: : In 1998, 10.4% (99%CI: 9.7-11.1) of the children had been to the dentist. This figure was 13.4% (99%CI: 12.6-14.3) in 2003 and 16.2% (99%CI: 15.2-17.1) in 2008. In 2008, the prevalence rates of dental appointments in lifetime were respectively 10.2% (99%CI: 9.2-11.4) and 30.6% (99%CI: 27.7-33.6) for children in the lowest and highest income quartiles, 10.2% (99%CI: 8.9-11.7) and 22.4% (99%CI: 20.9- 23.9) for children from families whose head of household had up to four and nine or more years of schooling, 9.6% (99%CI: 2.2-11.1) and 27.5% (99%CI: 24.5-30.8) for those living in the northeast and central west regions of the country. Conclusion: Statistically significant increases in the prevalence rates of the use of dental services among Brazilian children aged zero to three years occurred between 1998 and 2008. The rates were lower among children belonging to socially and ethnically disadvantaged groups.

Risk factors for early childhood caries experience expressed by ICDAS criteria in Anapoima, Colombia: a cross-sectional study / Factores de riesgo de experiencia de caries temprana expresada con criterios ICDAS en niños de Anapoima, Colombia. Estudio de corte transversal

The aim of this study was to assess whether caries risk, nutritional status, access to dental care and sociobehavioral factors are associated to two caries experience outcome variables using the Epidemiologic International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDASepi), which includes initial enamel caries lesions: 1The presence of ICDASepi caries experience (dmfICDASepi ≥ 1), and 2Having an ICDASepi caries experience (dmftICDASepi) higher than national figures for the same age. The sample included 316 eightto 71monthold children from the municipality of Anapoima, Colombia. Assessments included: prevalence and mean of caries experience using the ICDASepi system without compressed airdrying of teeth surfaces (dmfICDASepi), caries risk and nutritional status. Caregivers completed an elevenitem questionnaire assessing oral healthrelated social determinants, practices and quality of life (OHRQoL), and children's access to dental care. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxonranksum test, the test, the Fisherexact test, and bivariatelinear and nonconditioned logisticmultivariate regression models. Prevalence and mean number of teeth with dmftICDASepi were 65.2% and 3.5±4.13, respectively. Nutritional status outside the normal status, lower educational level of caregivers and age were significantly associated with dmfICDASepi≥ 1. OHRQoL, access barriers to miss and to attend dental care, operativetreatment or emergency being the reason to attend dental care, high caries risk, and age were significantly associated with a higherthannational dmftICDASepi. The significant associations found between early childhood caries experience and other variables represent oralhealth inequalities in early childhood in Anapoima, Colombia (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en la primera infancia la asociación entre el riesgo de caries, el estado nutricional, el acceso a la consulta odontológica y los factores sociocomporta mentales y dos variables de desenlace de experiencia de caries usando el Sistema epidemiológico Internacional de Detección y Valoración de Caries (ICDASepi), que incluye lesiones de caries en el esmalte: 1La presencia de experiencia de caries ICDASepi (ceodICDASepi ≥ 1) y, 2Tener una experiencia de caries ICDASepi (ceodICDASepi) mayor que los datos nacionales correspondientes para la misma edad.La muestra fue de 316 niños del municipio de Anapoima, Colombia, de 8 a 71 meses de edad. Las valoraciones incluyeron: prevalencia y promedio de experiencia de caries usando el sistema ICDASepi sin secado de las superficies de los dientes con aire comprimido (dmfICDASepi) ; riesgo de caries y estado nutricional. Los cuidadores respondieron un cuestionario de once ítems que valoraba en relación con salud oral, determinantes sociales, prácticas y calidad de vida y, el acceso de los niños a la consulta odontológica. Los datos fueron analizados con la prueba de suma de rangos de Wilcoxon, la prueba de χ2, la prueba exacta de Fisher y, modelos de regresión logística multivariada tipos bivariantelineal y no condicionada. La prevalencia de experiencia de caries (ceodICDASepi) fue de 65.18% y el promedio de dientes con ceodICDASepi de 3.5 ± 4.13. El estado nutricional por fuera de rangos de normalidad, el bajo nivel educativo de los cuidadores y la edad se asociaron significativamente con ceoICDASepi ≥ 1. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre tener un ceodICDASepi mayor que el promedio nacional y, calidad de vida relacionada con salud oral, barreras de acceso para perder y asistir a consulta odontológica, tratamiento operatorio o urgencia como motivo de consulta odontológica, alto riesgo de caries y edad. Las asociaciones estadísticamente significativas encontradas en este estudio entre la experiencia de caries de infancia temprana y demás variables representan inequidades en salud oral en la primera infancia en Anapoima, Colombia (AU)

Time expended on managing molar incisor hypomineralization in a pediatric dental clinic in Nigeria

Abstract This study assessed the difference in the number of visits made to a dental care clinic and the time spent providing specific dental treatment for children with and without molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Children aged 8 to 16 years who presented at the Pediatric Dental Unit of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were eligible for the study. A comprehensive medical and dental history was taken, and each child was clinically examined, diagnosed, and treated according to a drawn-up plan. The time taken to establish a diagnosis and to provide specific treatments (scaling and polishing, restoration, pulpectomy, extraction, and placement of stainless steel crowns) and the number of visits made to complete the treatment plan were recorded for each child. Differences in the number of visits, time expended to make a diagnosis and to treat children with and without MIH were analyzed. The average time for diagnosis (p = 0.001) and the average time for placing amalgam restorations (p = 0.008) were significantly longer in children with MIH than in those without it. Children with MIH made more visits to the clinic (p < 0.001).There was no significant difference in the average time for scaling and polishing (p = 0.08), glass ionomer cement restorations (p = 0.99), composite restorations (p = 0.26), pulpectomy (p = 0.42), tooth extraction (p = 0.06), and placement of a stainless steel crown (p = 0.83) in children with and without MIH. In conclusion, children with MIH required more time for oral health care. Placing amalgam restorations took significantly longer than placing tooth bonding restorative materials in children with MIH than in those without it.

La caries dental en los niños: una deuda pendiente / Dental caries in children: an outstanding debt

La caries dental influye considerablemente en la salud general de la población infantil y en la evolución de su salud bucal. Si bien obedece a múltiples causas, más que un problema individual, es el resultado de factores estructurales y contextuales. Por ende, su atención requiere un abordaje integral y coordinado de profesionales de la salud, autoridades nacionales, instituciones académicas, asociaciones odontológicas y agentes multiplicadores, por medio de programas de educación, promoción y atención de la salud bucal desde temprana edad

Influence of maternal anxiety on child anxiety during dental care: cross-sectional study / Influência da ansiedade materna na ansiedade infantil frente ao atendimento odontológico: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Anxiety is usually classified as a disorder of neurotic nature and is often related to contexts of stress, which may include worries, motor tension and autonomic hyperactivity. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of mothers’ anxiety on their children’s anxiety during dental care. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted at in a private dentistry school in the south of Brazil. METHODS: Convenience sampling was used. All mothers of children undergoing treatment were invited to participate in this study. Data to investigate anxiety related to dental treatment among the children were collected through applying the Venham Picture Test (VPT) scale. For the mothers, the Corah scale was applied. A self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire with questions about demographic, behavioral, oral health and dental service variables was also used. RESULTS: 40 mother-child pairs were included in the study. The results showed that 40% of the children were anxious and 60% of the mothers were slightly anxious. Local anesthesia was the procedure that caused most anxiety among the mothers, making them somewhat uncomfortable and anxious (60%). Family income higher than R$ 1,577.00 had an influence on maternal anxiety (75.6%). Maternal anxiety had an influence on child anxiety (81.3%). CONCLUSION: Most of the children showed the presence of anxiety, which ranged from fear of dental care to panic, inferring that maternal anxiety has an influence on children’s anxiety. Dental procedures did not interfere with the mothers’ anxiety, but caused positive feelings, whereas they affected the children more.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A ansiedade é geralmente classificada como um transtorno de caráter neurótico, frequentemente relacionado a contextos de estresse variando entre preocupações, tensão motora e hiperatividade autonômica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência da ansiedade materna na ansiedade de seu filho durante o atendimento odontológico. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo analítico transversal realizado em uma faculdade particular do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Amostragem por conveniência foi utilizada. Todas as mães das crianças em tratamento foram convidadas a participar da pesquisa. A coleta dos dados para verificar a ansiedade relacionada com o tratamento odontológico nas crianças foi realizada a partir da aplicação da escala “Venham Picture Test” (VPT). Para as mães, foi utilizada a escala de Corah. Também se utilizou um questionário sociodemográfico autoaplicativo sobre variáveis demográficas, comportamentais, de saúde bucal e de serviço odontológico. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 40 pares de mães e crianças. Os resultados mostraram que 40% das crianças estavam ansiosas e 60% das mães estavam levemente ansiosas. A anestesia local foi o procedimento que causou mais ansiedade entre as mães, deixando-as um pouco desconfortáveis e ansiosas (60%). Renda familiar maior de R$ 1.577,00 influenciou a ansiedade materna (75.6%). A ansiedade materna influenciou a ansiedade das crianças (81.3%). CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das crianças apresentou ansiedade, o que variou do medo ao pânico ao atendimento odontológico, inferindo que a ansiedade materna tem influência na ansiedade dos seus filhos. Os procedimentos odontológicos não interferem na ansiedade das mães, atingindo mais as crianças, porém provocam sentimentos positivos.

Individual and contextual factors influencing dental health care utilization by preschool children: a multilevel analysis

Abstract The effect of contextual factors on dental care utilization was evaluated after adjustment for individual characteristics of Brazilian preschool children. This cross-sectional study assessed 639 preschool children aged 1 to 5 years from Santa Maria, a town in Rio Grande do Sul State, located in southern Brazil. Participants were randomly selected from children attending the National Children’s Vaccination Day and 15 health centers were selected for this research. Visual examinations followed the ICDAS criteria. Parents answered a questionnaire about demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Contextual influences on children’s dental care utilization were obtained from two community-related variables: presence of dentists and presence of workers’ associations in the neighborhood. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel logistic regression models were used to describe the association between outcome and predictor variables. A prevalence of 21.6% was found for regular use of dental services. The unadjusted assessment of the associations of dental health care utilization with individual and contextual factors included children’s ages, family income, parents’ schooling, mothers’ participation in their children’s school activities, dental caries, and presence of workers’ associations in the neighborhood as the main outcome covariates. Individual variables remained associated with the outcome after adding contextual variables in the model. In conclusion, individual and contextual variables were associated with dental health care utilization by preschool children.

Effect of referral for dental service on dental-service utilization by primary school children aged 8 to 11 years in Enugu, Nigeria

Aim: To determine how one dental education session and referral of study participants aged 8-11 years would affect utilization of oral-health care services. Methods: This descriptive prospective study recruited 1,406 pupils aged 8-11 years from randomly selected primary schools in Enugu metropolis. All pupils received one oral-health education and referral letters for treatment. Data were collected on the pupils' socio-demographic profile, family structure, and history of oral-health care utilization in the 12 months preceding the study and within 12 months of receipt of referral letter. The effect of these factors as predictors of past and recent dental service utilization was determined using logistic regression. Results: Only 4.3% of the study participants had ever used oral-health services in the 12 months prior to the study. Within 12 months of issuing the referral letters, 9.0% of pupils used the oral-health services. Children from middle (AOR: 0.46; CI: 0.29-0.73; p=0.001) and low socioeconomic strata (AOR: 0.21; CI: 0.11-0.39; p<0.001) and those living with relatives/guardians (AOR: 0.08, CI: 0.01-0.56; p=0.01) were still less likely to have utilized oral-health services. Conclusions: Referral of children for oral-health care increased the number of children who utilized oral health care services (Au)

Perfil socioeconômico dos usuários e motivo de procura de uma clínica de ensino / Perfil socioeconómico de los usuarios y motivos por los que buscan atención dental en clínicas de enseñanza / Socioeconomic profile of users and reasons why they seek dental care in teaching clinics

Introdução: as instituições de ensino têm compromisso com a formação profissional qualificada, devendo estar preparada para atuar na sociedade. Objetivo: conhecer o perfil socioeconômico dos usuários da Clínica de Cariologia, identificando os motivos de procura do serviço. Métodos: estudo transversal e quantitativo, analisado dos prontuários da Clínica de Cariologia de uma IES. Foram analisados todos os 313 prontuários no período de 2011 a 2013. Os dados coletados foram: variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, gênero, renda familiar, escolaridade materna e paterna) e motivos da procura pelo serviço. Esses dados foram trabalhados descritivamente, sendo submetidos ao teste estatístico qui-quadrado considerando significativo no nível de 5 por cento. Resultados: os usuários tinham idade média em 6 ± 7,81 anos, havendo distribuição homogênea entre os sexos, feminino (50,2 por cento) e masculino (49,8 por cento). A maioria dos pais e mães estudou mais de oito anos, sendo 67,35 por cento e 70,43 por cento, respectivamente. Cerca de 37,75 por cento dos pais e 43,9 por cento das mães com mais de oito anos de escolaridade procuram a Clínica para realização de tratamento, enquanto 29,6 por cento de pais e 26,53 por cento das mães, o motivo foi a prevenção. Observou-se relação entre escolaridade paterna e motivos pela procura do serviço (p= 0,01). Quanto à renda, 49,9 por cento relatou não ter renda familiar, 39,8 por cento recebem até um salário mínimo e 10,4 por cento recebem mais de um salário. Das famílias sem renda, 37 por cento buscam o serviço para a realização de tratamento, e 12,7 por cento para prevenção. Conclusão: O perfil da população que procurou a clínica foi aquela mais vulnerável socioeconomicamente e o motivo para consulta foi o tratamento(AU)

Introducción: las instituciones educativas se dedican a la formación profesional cualificado, debe estar preparado para actuar en la sociedad. Objetivo: conocer el perfil socioeconómico de los usuarios de Cariología Clínica, identificar las razones de la demanda del servicio. Métodos: estudio transversal y estudio cuantitativo, se analizaron los registros clínicos de cariología de una Institución de Educación Superior. 313 registros fueron analizados en 2011-2013. Los datos recogidos fueron: variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, ingreso familiar, la educación materna y paterna) y las razones de la búsqueda de tratamiento. Estos datos se trabajaron, de forma descriptiva y se sometieron a la prueba de chi-cuadrado estadística se consideró significativo al 5 por ciento. Resultados: los usuarios tenían edad media de 6 ± 7,81 años, con una distribución uniforme entre los sexos, las mujeres (50,2 por ciento) y hombres (49,8 por ciento). La mayoría de los padres y madres estudiaron más de ocho años, y 67.35 por ciento y 70.43 por ciento, respectivamente. Aproximadamente 37,75 por ciento de los padres y el 43,9 por ciento de las madres con más de ocho años de escolaridad acuden a la Clínica para realizar el tratamiento, mientras que 29,6 por ciento de los padres y el 26,53 por ciento de las madres, la razón era para prevenir. La relación observada entre la educación y los motivos de la demanda del servicio de los padres fue: p= 0,01. En cuanto a los ingresos, el 49,9 por ciento informó que no hubo ingresos de la familia, 39,8 por ciento recibe hasta un salario mínimo, y 10,4 opr ciento gana más de un cheque de pago. Las familias sin ingresos, el 37 por ciento buscan el servicio para llevar a cabo el tratamiento, y el 12,7 pr ciento para la prevención. Conclusión: el perfil de la población que buscó asistencia en la clínica fue el más vulnerable socioeconómicamente y el motivo de consulta fue el tratamiento(AU)

Introduction: educational institutions are in charge of training qualified professional personnel who must be prepared to act in society. Objective: describe the socioeconomic profile of dental clinic users and identify the reasons why they make use of the service. Methods: a cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted of clinical cariology records from a higher education institution. 313 records were analyzed in the years 2011-2013. The data collected were sociodemographic variables (age, sex, family income, parents' schooling level) and reasons why they seek care. Data were treated descriptively and subjected to chi-square statistical tests, where 5 percent was considered significant. Results: users' mean age was 6 ± 7.81 years with an even distribution between the sexes: female 50.2 percent and male 49.8 percent. Most parents had attended school for more than eight years: fathers 67.35 percent and mothers 70.43 percent. Around 37.75 percent of the fathers and 43.9 percent of the mothers with more than eight years of schooling go to the clinic for treatment, whereas 29.6 percent of the fathers and 26.53 percent of the mothers seek preventive care. The relationship found between education and reasons why parents seek care was p= 0.01. As to family income, 49.9 percent reported that the family did not receive any, 39.8 percent receive minimum wages and 10.4 percent get more than one paycheck. Among no-income families, 37 percent attend the service in search of treatment and 12.7 percent seek preventive care. Conclusion: the population seeking care at the clinic was the most vulnerable socioeconomically and the reason for attending consultation was treatment(AU)

Evaluation of children's dental anxiety levels at a kindergarten and at a dental clinic

Abstract This study evaluated the dental anxiety levels of preschool children at a kindergarten and at a dental clinic. The anxiety levels of ninety 4-6-year-old (4.99 ± 0.81) preschool children were evaluated according to pulse rates, the facial image scale (FIS), the Venham picture test (VPT), and the Frankl behavior rating scale. The children's mothers were asked to complete the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) forms 1 and 2 (STAI 2 and STAI 2). The sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson's correlation test were used. A statistically significant difference was observed between the children's pulse rates when measured at the dental clinic and those when measured at the kindergarten (p < 0.001). Although the results were not statistically significant, more negative facial expressions were observed in the children at the dental clinic than in those at the kindergarten when assessed using FIS and VPT (p = 0.090 and p = 0.108, respectively). There was a statistically significant correlation between the transient anxiety levels (STAI 1) of mothers and the VPT scores of their children evaluated at the dental clinic (r = 0.506, p < 0.001). The continuous anxiety level of the mothers of males was found to be significantly higher (p = 0.033) than that of the mothers of females (STAI 2). Although the children had been informed about dentistry and were introduced to a dentist at the kindergarten, their anxiety levels seemingly increased as they arrived at the dental clinic. The significant increase observed in the children's pulse rates was a physical indicator that their anxiety levels had increased. It can be concluded that the children felt more anxious at the dental clinic that at the kindergarten.

Associação dos indicadores socioeconômicos, fatores pre e perinatais na ocorrência de defeitos de desenvolvimento de esmalte na dentição decídua: estudo de base populacional / Socioeconomic indicators, pre and perinatal factors associated with developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth: a population-based study

Os defeitos de desenvolvimento de esmalte (DDE) são alterações comuns na dentição decídua e podem estar associados a intercorrências nos períodos pré, peri e pós natais bem como a indicadores socioeconômicos. A literatura é escassa de evidências científicas de base populacional, sendo que a maioria das pesquisas é realizada principalmente com amostras específicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de DDE em crianças de cinco anos de idade e verificar a associação com prematuridade, peso ao nascer, intercorrências na gravidez (síndrome hipertensivo, infeções urinarias e diabetes gestacional) e indicadores socioeconômicos (renda mensal per capita, escolaridade materna, tipo de escola frequentada pela criança). Realizou-se um estudo transversal representativo com uma amostra de 1350 crianças de cinco anos de idade em Belo Horizonte - MG. Brasil. Após o consentimento dos pais, as crianças foram examinadas para o diagnóstico do DDE utilizando os critérios do índice DDE modificado (FDI,1992), e, através de um questionário, as mães forneceram os dados socioeconômicos bem como peso ao nascer, tempo de gestação e às intercorrências durante a gravidez relacionadas a parto pre-termo e baixo peso. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando-se o programa SPSS para Windows versão 19.0 e incluiu a distribuição de frequência, qui-quadrado de Pearson e Teste Exato de Fisher e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta adotando um valor de p <0,05. A prevalência de DDE foi de 40,6%. A opacidade demarcada foi o tipo de defeito mais frequente (22,7%) Através da análise bivariada, verificou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre o DDE e gênero, peso ao nascer, idade da mãe durante a gestação, escolaridade materna, intercorrência na gravidez (síndrome hipertensivo) e tipo de escola da criança. A partir do modelo de regressão de Poisson ajustado, observou-se maior prevalência de DDE entre as crianças do gênero masculino (RP: 1,177, 95% IC 1,033 ­ 1,342), com baixo peso ao nascer (RP: 1,387; 95% IC 1,161 ­ 1,656) e muito baixo peso ao nascer (RP: 1,667; 95% IC: 1,150 ­ 2,416). A partir destes resultados conclui-se que os defeitos de desenvolvimento de esmalte foram mais comuns entre as crianças do gênero masculino, com peso ao nascer baixo ou muito baixo

The developmental defects of enamel (DDE) are common changes in the primary dentition and may be associated with complications in the pre, peri and post-natal care as well as with socioeconomic indicators. Literature is scarce in scientific evidence in population base, once the majority of studies are mainly performed with specific samples. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of DDE in five years old children and the association with premature, complications during pregnancy birth weight and socioeconomic indicators (family income, maternal education, type of preschool attended by children). A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 1350 children of five years old of Belo Horizonte - MG. Brazil. After parental consent, children were examined for the diagnosis of DDE using DDE index modificated (FDI, 1992), and through a questionnaire mothers provided socioeconomic data, birth weight and premature and complications during pregnancy. Data analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows 19.0, and included frequency distribution, chi- square test and Fisher's exact test and Poisson regression with robust variance (p < 0.05). The prevalence of DDE was 40.6 %. The demarcated opacity was the most common type of defect (22.7%) by bi-variate analysis; there was also a statistically significant association between developmental defects of enamel and gender, weight birth, complications during pregnancy (Arterial hypertension), mother´s age in the pregnancy, maternal education, type of school of children. The Poisson regression model adjusted showed that there was a higher prevalence of enamel defects among male children (PR: 1.177, 95% CI 1.033 to 1.342), low weight (PR: 1.387, 95% CI 1.61 to 1.656) and very low (PR: 1.667, 95% CI: 1.150 to 2.416). Out of these results it is concluded that the development of enamel defects were more common among male children with low or very low birth weight

Impacto da cárie dentária na qualidade de vida de crianças pré-escolares: um estudo de coorte prospectivo / Impact of dental caries on the quality of life of preschool children: a prospectives cohort study

A cárie precoce na infância (CPI)é uma das doença bucais mais comuns em crianças pré-escolares, considerada um problema de saúde que está associado ao impacto na qualidade de vida. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência de fatores socioeconômicos (estado civil dos pais, idade da mãe, escolaridade dos pais, renda familiar mensal, número de pessoas que vivem da renda familiar e número de irmãos), características da criança (gênero, idade e problema de saúde), condições bucais (gravidade da cárie precoce na infância, consequências clínicas da cárie dentária não tratada, história de dor de dente, higiene bucal, percepção dos pais/cuidadores sobre a saúde oral da criança, bem como a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal - QVRSB sobre a incidência de cárie dentária não tratada em crianças pré-escolares)...

Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common adverse oral health conditions among preschool children and is considered a public health problem associated with an impact on quality of life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors, oral problems and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) on the incidence of untreated dental caries among preschool children. A prospective cohort study was conducted with a sample of 288preschool children in the city of Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The first exam (T1)was performed during national vaccination campaigns in 2010 and2011and involved children aged 24 to 47 months, who were reevaluated two years afterward (T2) at preschools in the city. The children were allocated to two groups based on baseline (T1) information: caries free (n = 144) and exposed to untreated caries (144). Untreated caries was evaluated using the dmft index at T1 andT2through a clinical exam performed by a dentist who had undergone a training exercise(Kappa = 0,91). Parents/caregivers filled out a form addressing socioeconomic data and answered the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale(B-ECOHIS)to accessthe oral heath related quality of life both T1 andT2. The presence/absence of ...

Preenchimento da caderneta de saúde da criança e fatores associados: estudo transversal em um município de grande porte populacional / Filling of child health card and associated factors: cross sectional study in a city of large population

A caderneta de saúde da criança (CSC) é um importante instrumento de vigilância e promoção da saúde infantil. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade do preenchimento dos campos de saúde geral e bucal das CSC e a associação entre qualidade do preenchimento e o tipo de serviço usado pelos pais para o acompanhamento de saúde dos filhos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com amostra estratificada e proporcional aos nove distritos sanitários de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (n=382 incluindo 20% para possíveis perdas), selecionada entre crianças de três a cinco anos, que procuraram as unidades básicas de saúde no dia da campanha nacional de multivacinação infantil de 2014. Utilizou-se roteiro para entrevista com um dos pais e observação de 21 itens da CSC essenciais para o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil, incluindo dois campos sobre saúde bucal...